Wherein CCAF is "justly lauded"

More coverage of the AOL victory in a Washington Examiner op-ed. And Reuters Legal does a lengthy story.

AOL's attorney's comment is revealing: all they cared about was whether they were able to get rid of the frivolous claims against them in a nuisance lawsuit. But the Center cares more about establishing precedents and rules governing the long-term fairness of class actions than any individual result. That larger issue was irrelevant to AOL, so they think they have a victory, but we do, too. Reuters, through Professor Brian Fitzpatrick, questions whether it makes a difference: it does. Class actions are supposed to benefit the class first, rather than the attorneys. When the attorneys have carte blanche to choose cy pres recipients, they effectively get double-payment. To the extent Professor Fitzpatrick cares about defendant deterrence as a reason for class actions, he should be pleased that the defendant would not be allowed to dictate illusory cy pres that goes to their preferred charitable donee.

Interestingly, Kabateck Brown Kellner, whose attorneys had written a dishonest op-ed criticizing CCAF's defense of class members in cy pres settlements without revealing they were adverse to us in four cases (all four of which have now resulted in CCAF court victories), couldn't even be bothered to file a Ninth Circuit brief making a public-policy argument for their preferred tactic of abusive cy pres.

Some updates

• Coverage of Monday's Nachsin v. AOL cy pres victory for CCAF, some of which is even accurate. I was also interviewed by Reuters and the Daily Journal, but I don't see their stories yet. [Zywicki @ Volokh; Fisher @ Forbes; BLD; law.com; Metropolitan News-Enterprise; Litigation Daily ($); Law360 ($); Wolfman]
• In Blessing v. Sirius XM, Judge Baer denied the request for a punitive appeal bond. Thanks to Adam Schulman, who took the lead in drafting the successful opposition brief.
• The Dewey v. VW oral argument in the Third Circuit looks like it will be scheduled in late March.
• We filed our objection to the fee request and structure in the second Classmates settlement. Dan Greenberg will argue at the fairness hearing December 15.
• Yes, that Apple Magsafe class action settlement you've gotten an email for is likely unfair given the artificial restrictions on the claims process. We have one class member as a client, perhaps two.

Ninth Circuit cy pres victory in Nachshin v. AOL

We've been at the forefront of noting the problem of abusive cy pres; originally intended as a last resort "second-best" way to benefit the class after resolution of a case where there is leftover money, too many class actions use cy pres as a first resort to exaggerate the class benefits, or to siphon some of those benefits to the class attorneys or the defendants or, shockingly, the judge. A couple of recent decisions speak out against free-flowing cy pres. In Klier v. Elf Atochem, the Fifth Circuit struck down cy pres given to local charities instead of to undercompensated class members; Alison Frankel has good coverage.

And yesterday, in a case I argued, Nachshin v. AOL, Inc., the Ninth Circuit adopted much of the reasoning of our briefs in striking down cy pres to local Los Angeles charities unrelated to the class or the claims of the lawsuit:

When selection of cy pres beneficiaries is not tethered to the nature of the lawsuit and the interests of the silent class members, the selection process may answer to the whims and self interests of the parties, their counsel, or the court. Moreover, the specter of judges and outside entities dealing in the distribution and solicitation of settlement money may create the appearance of impropriety.

Thanks to Darren McKinney for being willing to stand up to abusive class action settlements, even it meant publicly admitting that he had an AOL account. Additional coverage at law.com.

AOL cy pres Ninth Circuit appeal oral argument set

I'll be arguing the AOL cy pres case June 7 in Pasadena. (My record in Ninth Circuit oral arguments to date: 2-0, with one pending.) Come watch if you're interested in cy pres issues. If you're not interested in cy pres, but are interested in trademarks and pornography (and who isn't?), they're also arguing Roxbury Entertainment v. Penthouse Media ("The content of the film is primarily graphic sex scenes; however, the 'story line' to the extent there is one, concerns a young couple fleeing some unfortunate or unlawful event.") the same session.

• CCAF opening brief
• AOL response brief
• Plaintiffs' response brief
• CCAF reply brief
  
• Beisner/Miller/Schwartz white paper on cy pres issues and this case

Stockholm Syndrome in the Nachshin v. AOL case

CCAF filed its reply brief today in the Nachshin v. AOL appeal.

The principal-agent problem does not just affect class action plaintiffs' attorneys enriching themselves at the expense of their putative clients. I see it far too often in the case of class action defense attorneys beholden to the billable hour at the expense of their clients. I've had securities defense attorneys admit to me sotto voce that they don't want to see securities law reformed, because they're making money off the status quo. If I were a defense client, I'd worry about attorneys like that; they might prefer to lose their 12(b)(6) motion in the hopes of churning some billable hours in discovery disputes. In a notorious example, attorneys from defense firms lobbied the ABA to release a statement opposing preemption—something that would hurt their clients, though would certainly increase the demand for lawyers' services. (I once had a lunch date with a pharmaceutical defense attorney who made a disparaging comment to me about "you people" believing in federal preemption. That second-person-plural mystified me: she was making a lot more money arguing in favor of preemption in court on behalf of her clients than I was making writing about preemption on public-policy grounds. If one's that offended by preemption, one should go work for a plaintiffs' firm where one can make more money in the long run: it's stupid to be selling out one's principles for less than one's opportunity cost of adhering to them.)

I've long felt that general counsels should do more to insist that their outside defense firms are really defense firms that believe in their clients' rights, rather than mercenary law firms that happen to represent defendants because their lawyers don't have the entrepreneurial courage to be contingent-fee plaintiffs' attorneys.  Top-of-the-line plaintiffs' attorneys are the best trial lawyers in the business: they don't get paid if they don't win, but they're the ones with the Gulfstream jets and 5000-person Christmas parties.  If a defendant responds by hiring a coddled Ivy-League defense attorney that's afraid of the inside of a courtroom and goes home at night feeling vaguely guilty that he's working for The Man, that defendant is going to get his head handed to him nine times out of ten.  That sort of ideological accounting is surely more important to the bottom line than the racial-diversity accounting many Fortune 500 companies insist upon in their outside law firms, but it happens far less than it should.

Anyway, in response to CCAF's opening brief in the Nachshin v. AOL case, the settling parties apparently agreed that AOL's defense attorneys would do all the briefing, and the plaintiffs' attorneys would simply free ride off the finished product:

• AOL response brief.
• Plaintiffs' response brief.

The plaintiffs couldn't even be bothered to cite their roman numerals in consecutive order.

For the life of me, I can't imagine why a defense attorney with the best interests of his client in mind wouldn't simply say: "You sued us, you defend the settlement. We're paying you hundreds of thousands of dollars to go away. My client shouldn't have to pay another penny into this case." But that would mean foregoing some fees. And why would a defendant's brief say something as vapid as "Both class actions and legal aid funds facilitate the supply of justice to those who cannot otherwise afford it" (p. 25)?  Trial lawyers, come sue AOL! According to AOL's brief, you're just facilitating the supply of justice when you do! (I was similarly amused that AOL of all parties would snark about the supposed fact that our opening brief would cite "online articles." That was especially ironic given that AOL pays writers to produce online articles for them.) I briefly worked at the same firm as Paul Cappuccio, a hard-nosed lawyer's lawyer who went on to become the general counsel of AOL before he escaped on a life-raft to keep the Time Warner general counsel job.  I cannot begin to imagine a general counsel's office supervised by Cappuccio permitting a brief like this to be filed, but perhaps I'm being naive.

As you can tell for yourself, these were exceedingly weak response briefs that never really engaged with our opening brief's argument against the conflict-of-interest problems in cy pres distribution, so I'm feeling good about our reply brief and about our chances.

Ninth Circuit appeal over cy pres: Nachshin v. AOL

Tuesday, the Center filed its opening brief appealing the approval of a class action settlement against AOL.  We focused our appeal on the problematic cy pres award in that case:

This appeal presents a straightforward application of the Ninth Circuit precedent Six Mexican Workers v. Arizona Citrus Growers, 904 F.2d 1301 (9th Cir. 1990)—a precedent that the district court entirely failed to apply. For a cy pres award to a third party to be permissible it must actually be “cy pres”—as near as possible to actual class recovery. Id. at 1308. Here, there was a nationwide class of tens of millions of AOL members allegedly victimized by AOL practices, but the vast majority of the cy pres distribution went to local charities in the Los Angeles and Oklahoma areas; all of the cy pres was entirely unrelated to the class and unrelated to the claims of the case.

The potential of cy pres to create conflicts of interest and ethical dilemmas for the judiciary have garnered increasing attention in recent years. See, e.g., Adam Liptak, Doling Out Other People’s Money, N.Y. TIMES (Nov. 26, 2007) (available at http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/26/washington/26bar.html); Martin H. Redish, et al., Cy Pres Relief and the Pathologies of the Modern Class Action: A Normative and Empirical Analysis, 62 FLA. L. REV. __ (forthcoming 2010) (available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1485047); Sam Yospe, Cy Pres Distributions in Class Action Settlements, 2009 COLUMBIA BUS. L. REV. 1014 (available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1492105); Amanda Bronstad, Cy pres awards under scrutiny, NAT’L L. J. (Aug. 11, 2008) (available at http://is.gd/dyFk0-). If courts are going to countenance cy pres distributions in class actions settlements at all, such distributions must be strictly tethered to the standard of class benefit, lest cy pres become a slush fund for plaintiffs, defendants, attorneys, and judges that creates the appearance of impropriety—or worse, actual impropriety.

The problems of potential conflicts of interest are not just a hypothetical concern in the case at bar. Neither the court nor the class was informed of the conflict of interest that one of the plaintiffs was the assistant director of development for one of the cy pres recipients. And yet still another cy pres recipient was a local charity where the spouse of the district court judge sits on the board. It is not exaggerating to say that this case is a poster child for the problem of cy pres abuse: indeed, in a story on the issue, the Wall Street Journal singled out the very settlement in this case as an example. Nathan Koppel, Proposed Facebook Settlement Comes Under Fire, WALL ST. J. (Mar. 2, 2010) (available at http://is.gd/dyl7A-).

For both precedential and sound public-policy reasons, this court should reverse the approval of the proposed class action settlement as an abuse of discretion.

CCAF in the Wall Street Journal

Our objection to the AOL Footer case (currently on appeal) was covered in the March 2 Wall Street Journal:

Late last year, in a class action claiming that tech giant AOL LLC improperly inserted footers in its users' emails, Los Angeles federal judge Christina Snyder awarded $25,000 in settlement funds to a Los Angeles legal-aid organization that has the judge's husband on its board. The mediator in the case recommended the organization, along with other charitable groups that received settlement funds, said Mark Litvack, counsel to AOL.

The Virginia-based [sic] Center for Class Action Fairness objected, claiming the settlement raised a conflict of interest. Ted Frank, president of the group, said that to avoid potential conflicts, it would be better to require unclaimed settlement funds to be deposited into state coffers. "The problem is that parties can now give money to a judge's preferred charity in the hopes that it will prompt the judge to rubber stamp a settlement," he said.

Judge Snyder declined to comment. "It did not seem logical to anyone," Mr. Litvack said, "to split a $110,000 settlement among 60 million class members."

In the news

• Forbes.com: interviewed discussing warning labels
• Los Angeles Times: quoted on the future feeding frenzy around Toyota
• Triangle Business Journal: commenting on a story where a judge reduced attorneys' fees in a nuisance class action by $1 million, I note the common tactic of strike suits against mergers

You may have noticed that we've been posting less recently; we're not any less busy, but we're changing the posting schedule to put up briefs after a fairness hearing, rather than immediately after we file, so we're still in that gap now. We filed notices of appeal in the AOL and Yahoo cases, so we have three appeals pending in the Ninth Circuit that will likely be argued late this year or early next year.

Rubber stamps for two settlements

Judge Snyder has (all but literally) rubber-stamped the objectionable settlements in the AOL e-mail footer and Yahoo advertising cases. We are likely to appeal.

Fairchild v. AOL briefing

Additional issues arise in the response to the motion for settlement.

1) Is an email notifying subscribers of a pre-existing policy substantive injunctive relief meriting attorneys' fees?
2) Is a request for attorneys' fees of 75% of the total financial settlement "fair" simply because its severable--when severability simply means that a reduction in fees reverts to the defendant, rather than to the class?
3) Is "cy pres" really cy pres when the designated charities are either local, related to the mediator, and/or related to the plaintiff?
4) Is apathy about a bad settlement judicial evidence of affirmative support?

The hearing is in Los Angeles December 28.

AOL Footer case - Fairchild v. AOL objection to proposed settlement

Four plaintiffs represented by three law firms sued AOL for including advertising in the footers of emails and failing to make it sufficiently easy for members to opt out of the process. Before so much as a motion to dismiss was filed, they settled—for $320,000 for their attorneys, and nothing for the class they represented. (Per ¶¶ 23-24, AOL will give $110,000 to six charities that have nothing to do with email footer advertising; $35,000 of that amount was chosen by the four plaintiffs.)

Today, the Center for Class Action Fairness filed an objection on behalf of Objector Darren McKinney to the settlement.